These features reduce barriers to absorption and increase the local permeation of tacrolimus. 5 Fortunately, the mucosal surface of the tongue contains highly vascular fungiform papillae that are nonkeratinized. Topical tacrolimus treatment is used for cutaneous diseases including atopic dermatitis and pyoderma gangrenosum but requires additives such as propylene carbonate to adequately absorb into the stratum corneum. Tacrolimus ointment, topical corticosteroids, mupirocin, clotrimazole troche, gabapentin, and donepezil Gabapentin, fluconazole, clotrimazole troche, tacrolimus ointment, and topical corticosteroids Topical corticosteroids, clotrimazole troche, fluconazole, and prednisone
Topical corticosteroids, magic mouthwash, and chlorohexidine a Magic mouthwash, topical corticosteroids, and gabapentin aįluconazole, topical corticosteroids, cepacol/peroxide, clotrimazole troche, and gabapentin Magic mouthwash, topical corticosteroids a
Nystatin swish and spit plus#
Tacrolimus Swish-and-Spit Treatment Plus Combination Therapies This regimen should be performed twice daily. Patients were instructed to swish the oral solution for 2 minutes before spitting the solution for disposal. The treatment regimen involved dissolving the contents of a 1-mg tacrolimus capsule into 500 mL of water. Exclusion criteria included patients with other oral conditions (including herpes simplex virus infections and oral lichen planus), taking systemic steroids or immunomodulators, with fewer than 2 visits available for review, or who did not use the oral tacrolimus swish-and-spit regimen. Race/ethnicity data were collected to characterize the study population. Demographics collected included age, sex, and race. The primary outcome measure was attending physician–documented clinical improvement. Patients presented with classic patches of depapillation and raised serpiginous borders as well as no extralingual inflammation to the Wake Forest Dermatology Clinic in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2018. Inclusion criteria included patients 18 years or older diagnosed with geographic tongue. This retrospective medical record review was approved by the Wake Forest Baptist Health institutional review board, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Nystatin swish and spit full#
Drs Feldman and Jorizzo had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.Ĭoncept and design: Aung-Din, Heath, Cline, Feldman, Jorizzo.Īcquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Aung-Din, Heath, Wechter, Cline, Jorizzo.ĭrafting of the manuscript: Aung-Din, Heath, Wechter, Cline.Ĭritical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.Īdministrative, technical, or material support: Heath, Cline.Ĭonflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3806Īuthor Contributions: Messrs Aung-Din and Heath contributed equally to this work and are co-first authors. Corresponding Author: David Aung-Din, MS, BS, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1071 ( Online: November 7, 2018.
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